Array Command in AutoCAD

In the ARRAY Command we can create duplicate of any existing objects in any kind of patterns, which is rectangular or circular. By using ARRAY Command we can create duplicate in any path of object. Shortcut of ARRAY Command is “AR”. We can start Array command by type the “AR” in command prompt and then press Enter.

Or

You can select the Array button in the draw panel.

In this command there are three sub tools and these are very useful to complete the action in ARRAY command.

Sub tools are => Rectangular, POlar, PAth.

• RECTANGULAR

This command’s shortcut is R (enter)

In this command we can maintain the object in Row and Column. In this command we maintain the distance in between one object and second object. When we are using this command then open a panel in Ribbon which we can maintain the number of Row and Column.

We can maintain the distance between two objects which is Row or Column.

To access the Rectangular command:-

AR (Enter)

Select an object: <Enter>

Select an object or (Rectangular/ POlar/ PAth)

R (Enter)

Then open a panel in Ribbon and you can maintain the number of object and distance.

For a Rectangular Array:

• Prompt: Select an object: (Select the object which you want to duplicate)
• Prompt: Select an object or (Rectangular/ POlar/ PAth): Type P and then Enter.
• Prompt: Number of Rows: Type the number of rows and press Enter.
• Prompt: Number of Column: Type the number of column and press Enter.
• Prompt: Distance between rows: Enter the distance value of rows. This is based on same point of the array element.
• Prompt: Distance between columns: Enter the distance value of column. This is based on same point of the array element.

• POLAR

This command’s shortcut is PO (Enter)

In this command we can maintain the number of Item and Degree. We can use this command to rotate the object in 0-360 degree. This is the very useful command in ARRAY. This command is based on the center point of array. In this command we are specifying the central location of the Array.

To access the Polar command:-

AR (Enter)

Select an object: <Enter>

Select an object or (Rectangular/ POlar/ PAth)

PO (Enter)

Then open a panel in Ribbon and you can maintain the number of items and degree.

For a Polar Array:

• Prompt: Select an object: (Select an object which you want to duplicate)
• Prompt: Select an object or (Rectangular/ POlar/ PAth): Type PO then press Enter.
• Prompt: Base point of object: Give the base point of object where do you want to use the Polar Array.
• Prompt: Number of items: Enter the value of items.
• Prompt: Give the Angle: Enter the Angle which you want to rotate.

• PATH

This command’s shortcut is PA (Enter)

In this command you can give the Path of the object. By using this command we can duplicate the object in any path like as (rectangular, circle, curve etc.). You can give any type of path to duplicate the object and object will be duplicate on the given path, by using PATH ARRAY.

To access the PATH COMMAND in AutoCad

AR (Enter)

Select an object: <Enter>

Select an object or (Rectangular/ POlar/ PAth)

PA (Enter)

Now you can select object which you want to duplicate.

For a Path Array:

Firstly we create a path which you want and create an object on the base point of path then,

• Prompt: Select an object: Select an object which you want duplicate.
• Prompt: Select the Path: Select the Path which created by you.

Interview Questions and Answers on Grid Systems in Layout Designing

Q.1. What is a Layout Grid?

Ans. Grid is a hidden force behind the layout that controls the the elements of design. It helps in separating, connecting, and organizing contents inside a layout. One grid is just for one purpose. A grid for classical books is not a good fit for dance club website.

Q.2. Why Grids in Layout are so important?

Ans. A layout grid is the invisible force that gives the visible its structure and holds everything in its proper place. Without a layout grid, graphic elements will not properly work together. Always start your design project with a layout grid.

Q.3. How many types of Grids are there? Please explain with example.

Ans. Types of layout Grids are:-

(1) Manuscript Grid

(2) Column Grid

(3) Modular Grid

(4) Hierarchical Grid

(1) MANUSCRIPT GRID:- The manuscript grid is the easiest grid structure of all. It is predominantly an extensive rectangular area taking up a large portion of the space inside a format.

Use: Classical layouts such as novels and religious books such as Ramayan and Mahabharat.

(2) COLUMN GRID:- These grids are great when discontinuous data needs to be exhibited.

Use: Magazines

(3) MODULAR GRID:- These grids are great for hard projects that call for more control than a column grid can offer. Picture galleries and shopping carts are likely possibility for modular (particular) grids.

Use: Magazines and Newspapers

(4) HIERARCHICAL GRID:- It is commonly found on the web. This is based more on an intuitive placement of elements, which still conforms to the needs of the information flow lines.

Use: Web templates and modern layouts

Q.4. What is the Fibonacci sequence & how it is useful for designers?

Ans. The Fibonacci Sequence is the series of numbers:

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89 & so on.........

Designers used these sequence for making their design more accurate, attractive, and beautiful. This is a concept that many designers ignore all together, regardless of their knowledge of the sequence.

Q.5. Can you explain the projects of few brands using Golden Ratio?

Ans. Golden Ratio:- The Golden Ratio (symbol is the Greek letter "phi") is a special number approx. equal to 1.618.

It appears many times in geometry, nature, human anatomy, art, architecture, and other areas.

BRANDS USING GOLDEN RATIO ARE:-

(1) TWITTER: Though the Twitter logo has gone through a ton of changes, many of which included no bird at all, by my count, there have been five major iterations of the actual Twitter bird formerly known as Larry Bird and this bird has been designed through the Golden Spiral rule which comes from the Fibonacci numbers.

(2) APPLE: You can notice the numbers in side the Golden Ratio if you see it & but not in Apple logo. I want to tell you that this logo is based on Golden Ratio and of course these numbers are Fibonacci numbers.

MORE EXAMPLES:

NISSAN, TOYOTA, ATARI, PEPSI & so on......

Q.6. What are the difference between Column & Modular Grids?

Ans. COLUMN GRID:- Column grids are made up by setting multiple columns inside the format. Column grids are great when discontinuous data needs to be exhibited.

MODULAR GRID:-Modular grids are similar to column grid with the expansion of even divisions marked by rows. Modular grids are great for hard projects that call for more control than a column grid can offer.

Q.7. What is the Rule of Thirds & how it is helpful for designers & photographers?

Ans. The rule of thirds works by splitting an image into thirds, so you end up with 9 equal sections, then simply place your main subject where the lines intersect.

Any graphic design software worth its salt(including Photoshop) can apply a rule of thirds to your canvas & crop accordingly. It is helpful for designers & photographer to make their projects accurate, attractive & in a sequential manner.

Layout Design in Graphic Design

Design Layout:

Layout : Layout is an aesthetics arrangements of all elements given space.

Process of setting of materials of page.

Page Layout is the part of graphic design that deals in the arrangement of visual elements on a page. It generally involves organization principle of composition to achieve specific communication objectives.

Importance of Layouts:

Establishing the overall appearance.

Managing the relative importance of the elements.

Controlling eye movements of maximum effectiveness or impact. 

 

Types of Layout:

There are ten types of layout design in Graphic design as follows:

1. Mondrian Layout : This a layout named after a Dutch Printer and characterized by emphasis dividing the space into obvious sections.

Mondrian layout refers to the forms : square, landscape or portrait.

Mostly it has many images of different sizes with big margin in between but related to one topic.

Examples : Film multi-scene poster

2. Circus Layout or Montage : It refers to the irregular composition elements in a single design.

Examples : Comic Books and children activities design books.

3. Multi Panel Layout : Multi panel layout design are divided into various settings or theme in same shapes as rectangle square, cubes.

Examples : Webpage

4. Silhoutte Layout : This design layout refers to the layouts in the form of illustration of or photographic techniques highlighted through shadow.

Examples : Parallax webpages, Novels Cover designs.

5. Big Type Layout : Big types layout emphasizes on the font style and big from size so as to grab the attention of the audiences.

Examples : Syllabus / Technical book cover

6. Alphabet Inspired : This design based on typography style and design. It use alphabet or design generated by using alphabet.

Examples : Food rappers designs

7. Copy Heavy Layouts: This design based on text, normally used simple headlines and normal text in small size to ease of reading. Normally used to convey message or information about the related topics.

Examples : Newspapers, Magazines

8. Frame Layout : It is frame based design. Its tell the story, what is in frame.

Examples : Certificates, Authority Letters.

9. Rebus Layout : It is the design to express text by using shapes or symbols.

Examples : Dress, T-shirts Design.

10. Picture Window : A vertical layout style characterized by large image on top of the page with or without headings.

Examples : Food, Fashion Magazines.

Elements of Layout

• Heading
• Sub Heading
• Images / Visuals
• Body Copy / Text
• Logo
• Slogan / Punch Line

LENGTHEN Command in AutoCad

This command is very useful in AutoCad. In this command we can change the length of object including angle of arc. In this command you can specify changes. LENGTHEN command can be used for trimming and extending objects.

This command's shortcut is LEN (enter). In this command their are four sub tools and these are very useful to change the objects value.

Sub tools are -> Delta ,Percent ,Total ,Dynemic

• DELTA:

This command's shortcut is DE (enter).

This command is used for extend or remove length of object. In this command,if we are giving value in positive then the length are extend and if we are giving value in negative then the length are remove of object.

This is the way to use delta command:- 

 

LEN (enter)

Select an object or ( DElta/Percent/Total/DYnemic)

DE (enter)

Enter delta length or (Angle):[<+ve value for extend /

-ve value for remove>]

• PERCENT:

This command's shortcut is P (enter).

This command is used to extend the value of object according to percent.

1. If we assume the total percent to be length of the object (let initial be 100%).
   
   
2. The input value will be reduced from initial value.Example [ Inputed value = 120% , Initial value = 100% then Result 120-100 = 20% extend the initial value].
   
   
3. The object will be extended/ shrinked as per the result obtained (if result is +ve then length are extend and if result is -ve then length are shrink).

This is the way to use the percent command:-

LEN (enter)

Select an object or ( DElta/Percent/Total/DYnemic)

P (enter)

enter percent value: <>

• TOTAL:

This command's shortcut is T (enter).

In this command we are maintain the line. If we want to extend or shrink line then we are use Total command.

This is the way to use total command:-

LEN (enter)

Select an object or ( DElta/Percent/Total/DYnemic)

T (enter)

Enter the total value: <>

• DYNEMIC:

This command’s shortcut is DY (enter).

In this command we are modify or maintain the object. In this command we are giving in object new point and end point , and this command will remove the object in between new and end point.

This is the way to use dynamic command in autocad:-

LEN (enter)

Select an object or ( DElta/Percent/Total/DYnemic)

DY (enter)

Select the object or <end point>.

Interview Questions and Answers on Layouts in Design

Q1. What is a layout in Graphic Design?

Ans: Layout is a process through which text and pictures are set out on a page it generally involves organizational principles of composition to achieve specific communication objectives.

Q2. How many types of layouts are there?

Ans:- 10 types of graphics layouts are there.

• Mondrian layout
• Circus or Montage layout
• Multipanel Layout
• Silhoutte Layout
• Big-type Layout
• Alphabet-inspired Layout
• Copy Heavy Layout
• Frame Layout
• Rebus Layout
• Picture Window Layout

Q3. What are the Elements of a Layout?

Ans:- The elements of layout are given below.

1. Headline
2. Sub-headline
3. Images/visuals
4. Body copy/text
5. logo
6. Slogan/punch line

Q4. What are the differences between Mondrian and Multipanel layout?

Ans:- Difference between Multipanel and Mondrian Layouts: Multipanel layout is divided into various sections or theme in same shape such as rectangle, square, cube but mondrian layout is a layout style named after a dutch painter and characterized by emphasis dividing the space into abvious sections. Mondrian layout refers to the form square landscap or portrait.

Q5. What are the differences between Big Type, Alphabet Inspired, and Copy Heavy Layouts?

Ans:- The differences between Big Type, Alphabet Inspired, and Copy Heavy Layouts in graphic design are:

Big Type layout emphasizes on the font style and big font size so as to grab the attention of the audience. Big Type layout are usually used for creating headline but alphabets inspired layout focuses on the arrangement of letters or numbers in an appropriate sequence or forms a word or enhanced to give an impression of story but the copy heavy layout is concentrated to the copy writing as: Newspapers Magazines Brochures Online journals, Brochures etc....

Develop Responsive Websites Using Bootstrap Framework

Bootstrap is one of the most popular HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript (jQuery) frameworks for developing responsive and mobile friendly user interfaces for the websites and web applications. It is best baseline or starting point for UI developers which has some inbuilt features and tools. By using that we can develop responsive websites for better user interface.

Those inbuilt features as well as tools are mentioned underneath in details. The features that come inbuilt with Bootstrap are much more suitable to efficiently getting designers up and running with their objective of building a functional website with a theme.

Bootstrap themes: If we analyze Bootstrap's themes in detail. Bootstraps can’t be beaten up by any other framework. It has very huge collection of theme that is available for users. It has two type of themes built in and third party.

Due to demand of responsive design and the increasing popularity of mobile users, everyone would like to design websites keeping smart devices in mind. It’s interesting to point out how each front-end framework handles the mobile view.

Browser support: Browser support and performance are both the priority features for Bootstrap team. There is no issue to run a website on browsers i.e. Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera, Safari etc. In this way we can say Bootstrap has boosted components and browser environments for various frameworks.

Community and Support: The best thing about Twitter Bootstrap is that it has a very vast and good community. I have worked with so many frameworks such as Skeleton, Foundation etc but I like Bootstrap because it offers a great support through its community.

LESS and SASS Support: The days have gone when UI developers used to write non-scalable and rigid CSS. Now this is the time of CSS Preprocessors such as LESS and SASS. CSS preprocessors are also called dynamic CSS means you can write dynamic and modular CSS. Bootstrap offers support for both of them very well.

As we know, demand of internet is increasing very fast among the people. So in coming future the demand of Responsive websites will be more high. Specially in India due to various ambitious projects by Govt. Of India such as Startup India, Skilled India, Make In India, Digital India etc... you will see a great demand of mobile websites and web applications.

Google prefers responsive web design over mobile templates. Having one single URL makes it easier for Google bot to crawl our site, Google’s external link algorithm reduces the chance of on-page SEO errors. For all these reasons, responsive sites typically perform better and are easier to maintain than a separate, mobile template site.

Software Development courses at ADMEC Multimedia Institute

ADMEC Multimedia Institute has formed a world class infrastructure to support their IT training and software development training. This innovation brings together the dynamic energy and expertise of six India leading institutes in the international level training.

Our software development courses provide the right path and destination for all those trainees who seek to develop their career in the software industry. We try to provide complete satisfaction during training to all our trainees in the software development and software application courses. 

We specialize in PHP, Java, C, C++, C# python, JavaScript, AngularJs etc. Most of trainer are industry experts. We also provide web design and web development training under JavaScript, CSS, HTML, PHP technologies, Java technologies, .Net technologies, etc.

We implement our trainee requirements and regularly provide suggestion from our side to apply their strategies in the best possible way. Our senior trainer uses the latest technology and trends to develop the skill and apply the students' needs. 

IT training center in Delhi:

Whether your training goals are learn software development language, web design language, web development language or just getting up-to date and ready for the upcoming technologies , ADMEC Multimedia Institute support all the possible levels for you. Because our aim is to provide high quality training, Eco-friendly training and real time training.

Demands of the technology are constantly changing and expanding. By learning software development courses by either in online or classroom, you will be ready to lead the upcoming generation of software. It will help you to get job in government agencies, public or private company. Because all these companies need proper data manipulation before become more complex to them. 

After completion of course at ADMEC Multimedia Institute you will be able to:

• Resolve upcoming technology related problem using effective and appropriate tools.
• Fulfill organizational needs based on application and tools.
• manipulate data and support organizational decision-making strategies within a business environment.

As an ISO Certified 2001:9008, ADMEC has one mission to see your succeed. The advantage of doing software development courses at ADMEC Multimedia Institute include:

Convenience: Attend class either in online or classroom on weekdays or weekend basic.

Efficiency and flexibility: Complete your training at your own speed.

Expert instruction: Free of cost instruction from our instructors.

Simple Registration process. Just visit our website an put your query, we will assist you shortly.

Career Counseling: We will able to take advice from our career advisors specialized in your area of study. 

Career at ADMEC Multimedia Institute

ADMEC Multimedia Institute is located at Rohini in Delhi. It is the most trusted name for the IT courses, animation training, graphic design classes, post production courses, AutoCAD training, web design and web development training etc. AMDEC enables trainee to maximize performance through a combination of comprehensive training, latest technologies, and career support services.

We constantly monitoring latest technology and changes in the industry for the support to our students. We understand students needs, training budget, constantly evolving challenges and demands of industry in a global world. By joining with us you will get these features from our institute and much more. 
 

Our Education Partners are:

• ADMEC Multimedia Institute
• Graphic Design Institute
• Web Development Institute
• Post Production Institute
• Cad Training Institute
• Video Editing Institute

Why Should you join us:

• We have a state-of-the-art facility
• We are an ISO 9001:2008 institute.
• We offer training with latest trends and technique
• Our institutes are open 7 days a week
• We have flexible weekend/weekdays schedule for working professional
• We provide 100% placement assistance

Our mission and Vision:

Mission:

Drive individual trainee creativity, skills, knowledge and interests towards innovations.

Vision:

Bridge the space between the aspiring trainee and industry demands to fulfill the need by providing skill based training to all the students.

 

Design Basics, Process and Principle

 Design Basic

What is Design?

Design is a work process, which has user perspectives and drives development based on your specific customer needs.

“Design is a creation of a system and plan to express something”

“To plan and make decisions about (something that being built or created)”.

Wikipedia: Design is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object or a system (as in architect blue print, engineering drawings, business process, circuit diagram and sewing patterns etc).

Design Process

What is Graphic Design?

Graphic design is the process of visual communication and problem solving though the use of type, space, image and color. The field is considered a subset of visual communication and communication design. We can divide it in two parts :

1. Digital/Electronic Graphic (Can be seen on Screen i.e. Computer, TV, Mobile Phone)
2. Print Media (Can be seen on Newspaper, Imagines, books).

Design Elements

Basically the design elements are the visual parts of a design like

1. Shapes
2. Typography
3. Image/Texture
4. Color

Each elements have its own importance in design which fulfill the needs of a design as well as keeps it nearby the requirement and sets personality of design.

Design Principle

As each subject has its own parameters and rules. The design is also follow this.

C.R.A.P.

1. Contrast : The idea behind contrast is to avoiding elements on the page that are
   merely similar. Contrast similarly means difference. Contrast is one of the most powerful design concepts of them all, because really any design elements can be contrasted with other. You can achieve contrast in many ways for example through the manipulation of space (near and for, empty and filled), though color (dark and light), by text selection (serif and sans serif, bold and narrow) by positioning of elements (top, bottom isolated and groups).
   
   
   
   
   
2. Repetition : The principle of repetition simply means the reusing the same or similar elements throughout your design. Its keeps the unity in design.
   
   
   

3. Alignment : Every elements should have some visual connection with another elements on the page. Nothing should be place arbitrarily. This creates a clean, sophisticated, fresh look.
   
   
   
   
   

4. Proximity : The principle says that related items or elements are should be groups together so that they will be viewed as a group rather than as several unrelated elements. It helps organize information and reduces clutter.
   
   
   

Process of Design

Before starting a design, we should understand and complete some homework about design to reduce efforts while we will make the design and improve the change of approval :

1. Design Personality
2. Types of Layout
3. Importance of hierarchy of elements
4. Low fidelity of design (black & white, normally sketch on paper with pencil
5. High fidelity of design (color over view of deign, Note : no actual image & content used)